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昌暉儀表用作熱電偶保護(hù)管的高溫抗氧化合金介紹

2017/11/8 1:34:45 人評(píng)論 次瀏覽 分類(lèi):溫度測(cè)量  文章地址:http://m.prosperiteweb.com/tech/1595.html

昌暉儀表制造有限公司用于生產(chǎn)測(cè)量高溫的熱電偶保護(hù)管材料有GH3030、GH3039、GH140、Inconel 600、3YC52、HR1300等,本文介紹這些高溫抗氧化合金材料的性能和力學(xué)性能。

金屬材料的抗高溫氧化腐蝕性能主要是靠在高溫下形成致密的保護(hù)膜來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),保護(hù)膜既可阻止氧、硫等腐蝕性氣體向基體中擴(kuò)散,又能阻止金屬離子向外擴(kuò)散。常用的保護(hù)膜主要有Cr2O3和Al2O3等。當(dāng)使用溫度高于1100-115-℃時(shí),Cr2O3剝落嚴(yán)重,因此,該種高溫合金短期最高使用溫度應(yīng)低于1200℃。典型高溫耐熱合金有GH3030、GH3039、GH140、Inconel 600、3YC52等,昌暉儀表制造有限公司常用這些合金材料生產(chǎn)特殊用途的熱電偶。Al2O3保護(hù)層具有比Cr2O3更佳的抗氧化能力。當(dāng)溫度高達(dá)1200-1300℃,Al2O3保護(hù)層仍不易剝落,且形成Al2O3所需的平衡氧分壓明顯低于Cr2O3的分壓。如Fe-Cr-Al電熱合金含有高達(dá)5%-8%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))的Al,能在高溫形成單一Al2O3保護(hù)層,從而具有優(yōu)異的抗氧化腐蝕性能??墒沁@樣合計(jì)為鐵素基體,脆性很大,高溫強(qiáng)度低,限制了其應(yīng)用。為了提高合金在1200-1300℃的抗氧化性能,開(kāi)發(fā)出一些高溫下能形成Al2O3的高溫合金,國(guó)外典型合金有Haynes Alloy 214、эп747、Inconel 602、Inconel 603等。重慶儀表材料研究所在國(guó)外合金基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)提高Cr、Al含量,并采用晶界精華和強(qiáng)化技術(shù),研制出一種新型抗氧化高溫耐熱合金3YC52,其主要原因是在高溫下除形成Al2O3、Cr2O3的混合氧化膜外,還能形成致密、單一α-Al2O3保護(hù)膜。3YC52合金與國(guó)外同類(lèi)合金在1100℃、1300℃抗氧化性能對(duì)比(見(jiàn)圖1和圖2)和氧化層的SEM和EPMA分(見(jiàn)圖3和圖4)。

3YC52與同類(lèi)合金1100℃高溫氧化曲線                  3YC52與同類(lèi)合金1300℃高溫氧化曲線
圖1    3YC52與同類(lèi)合金1100℃高溫氧化曲線                                圖2    3YC52與同類(lèi)合金1300℃高溫氧化曲線

1300℃/500h下3YC52氧化層的SEM和EPMA分析
圖3     1300℃/500h下3YC52氧化層的SEM和EPMA分析

1300℃/500h下Alloy 214氧化層的SEM和EPMA分析
圖4     1300℃/500h下Alloy 214氧化層的SEM和EPMA分析

上述合金材料的研制成功,解決了高溫環(huán)境中許多材料難題。但是在使用中發(fā)現(xiàn)上述材料出現(xiàn)變形問(wèn)題。因此,如何能在保持高溫氧化性能基礎(chǔ)上,提高合金的高溫強(qiáng)度,成為抗氧化合金技術(shù)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵。技術(shù)人員在3YC52基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)材料和合金進(jìn)行了重新設(shè)計(jì),同時(shí)采用原位反應(yīng)顆粒增強(qiáng)新技術(shù),研制出能在高達(dá)1250-1350℃的溫度下長(zhǎng)期使用的氧化耐熱合金HR1300。HR1300高溫強(qiáng)度較國(guó)外同類(lèi)合金提高30%以上??捎糜诟鞣N氧化劑氧化腐蝕環(huán)境下使用的熱電偶保護(hù)管、高溫管道和高溫靜止件等。國(guó)內(nèi)外常見(jiàn)高溫耐熱合金力學(xué)性能見(jiàn)表1。

表1   國(guó)內(nèi)外常見(jiàn)高溫耐熱合金力學(xué)性能


高溫合金材料               溫度                 抗拉強(qiáng)度σb/MPa              屈服強(qiáng)度σ0.2/MPa               延伸率δ(%)
HR1230                      20℃                 866                                   390                                      48
                                   980℃               242                                   145                                      83
                                   1100℃             135                                   70                                        82
                                   1200℃             65                                     34                                        105
HR1300                      20℃                 680                                   340                                      45
                                   980℃               120                                   80                                        85
                                   1100℃             70                                     45                                        95
                                   1200℃             35                                     20                                        102
3YC52                         20℃                 650                                   358                                      55
                                   980℃               65                                     40                                        126
                                   1100℃             40                                     25                                        132
                                   1200℃             25                                     15                                        125
Alloy 214                    20℃                 958                                   565                                      43
                                   980℃               115                                   58                                        83
                                   1100℃             60                                     29                                        83
                                   1200℃             30                                     10                                        109
эп747                          20℃                600                                   300                                       50
                                   980℃               50                                     35                                         45
                                   1100℃             30                                     20                                         70
                                   1200℃             20                                     —                                         90
Inconel 800H              20℃                 566                                  245                                       49
                                   980℃               76                                     56                                        100
                                   1100℃             35                                     23                                        108
                                   1200℃             —                                     —                                          —
Inconel 601                20℃                 704                                   241                                      50
                                   980℃               90                                     74                                        100
                                   1100℃             45                                     41                                        120
                                   1200℃             35                                     13                                        121
Inconel 600                20℃                 662                                   282                                       45
                                   980℃               76                                     42                                        115
                                   1100℃             36                                     21                                        120
                                   1200℃             —                                      —                                         —
GH3030                      20℃                 756                                  355                                        41
                                   980℃               70                                     —                                         50
                                   1100℃             43                                     —                                         71
                                   1200℃             27                                     —                                         108
GH3039                      20℃                 820                                   —                                         46
                                   980℃                —                                    —                                         95
                                   1100℃              —                                    —                                          —
                                   1200℃              —                                    —                                          —

在特殊場(chǎng)合使用的熱電偶使用壽命跟熱電偶保護(hù)管材料有非常大的關(guān)系,每一種材料都需要在不同使用工況經(jīng)實(shí)際應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證后才能定型與熱電偶生產(chǎn)中。昌暉儀表在高溫抗氧化合金應(yīng)用中積累了大量經(jīng)驗(yàn),量體裁衣造儀表,這是昌暉熱電偶使用壽命長(zhǎng)且高性?xún)r(jià)比的秘密。

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